Hezbollah refuses to disarm, calling the plan beneficial for Israel

The Lebanese Shiite group Hezbollah reacted sharply to proposals for the disarmament of Lebanese armed groups, saying that such a plan meets the interests of Israel and is directed against Lebanese sovereignty. In an official statement, the organization's leader called on the country's government not to succumb to external pressure and "not to hand over the fate of the nation to an insatiable Israeli aggressor or an American tyrant."

Hezbollah representatives stressed that their armed forces are part of the national resistance and a key element of the country's defense, especially against the backdrop of ongoing tensions with Israel. The group insists that its weapons will be retained as a means of deterrence and protection of Lebanese interests.

"We will not surrender our weapons as long as there is a threat from Israel," the organization's leader said. "Disarming Hezbollah will weaken Lebanon and make it more vulnerable to external threats."

These statements were made against the background of international discussions on the stabilization of the situation in Lebanon and efforts to strengthen the State's monopoly on the use of force. However, Hezbollah continues to insist that its military structure is not a threat, but a guarantee of security in a region where, in its opinion, traditional defense mechanisms are insufficient.

Lithuania will allocate more than 461 million euros for the purchase of Leopard 2A8 tanks

The Lithuanian government plans to significantly strengthen its ground forces by allocating significant funds for the purchase of modern combat tanks. According to the draft resolution registered by the Ministry of Finance of the country, more than 461 million euros will be allocated from the state budget for an advance payment for the supply of Leopard 2A8 tanks.

These funds were allocated as part of a large-scale army modernization program aimed at increasing the country's defense capability in a changing geopolitical environment. Leopard 2A8 tanks, which are among the most advanced in Europe, will provide Lithuanian troops with a high level of firepower, protection and mobility.

The draft document providing for financing was officially registered on Monday. Its approval will be an important step towards signing a contract for the supply of equipment.

The United States approved the sale of anti-aircraft missiles to Egypt for 4.7 billion

 

The United States has officially given the green light for the sale of a serious anti—aircraft "kit" to Egypt - worth almost $ 4.7 billion. The deal was approved by the State Department, and the details were announced by the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) on Thursday. This is not just the delivery of a pair of missiles, but an entire air defense system that can seriously strengthen Egypt's ability to repel airstrikes and drone attacks.

The main "link" in this package is the NASAMS (National Advanced Surface—to-Air Missile System) system. This is a modern air defense system developed jointly by the United States and Norway, and it has already established itself as one of the most effective in its class. NASAMS does an excellent job with airplanes, helicopters, cruise missiles and, most importantly, drones.

What exactly will Egypt get?  

- 4 AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel radars are the "eyes" of the system that catch targets at a great distance, even if they are flying low.  

- Hundreds of AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles (their modified version is used against ground targets) — the main "tooth" of the system.  

- Dozens of launchers and control units — to make it all work as a single mechanism.

For Egypt, this is a step towards modernizing its air defense. The country is now facing threats from all sides, from drones in Libya to tensions in Sinai and East Africa. NASAMS will make it possible to intercept targets at medium and low altitudes, which is especially important in an environment where drones and smart missiles are becoming more dangerous.

And for the United States, this is not only a strengthening of the alliance with a key player in the Middle East, but also another major export contract. However, the deal has been approved so far, but not concluded — the final decision is for Cairo. But if Egypt confirms the request, then in a couple of years it will have one of the most modern anti-aircraft systems in the region.

Chinese J-35 stealth fighter goes to sea: aircraft carrier tests coming soon

 J-35

China is actively preparing for combat duty its new fifth—generation fighter, the J-35, which is already undergoing limited mass production. This is not just another military aircraft — it is a full-fledged carrier-based stealth fighter designed to be based on aircraft carriers. And, apparently, there is very little left before full-fledged admission to the Chinese Navy.

What is the J-35?

It is an inconspicuous fighter with a streamlined body, modern electronic warfare systems and powerful weapons. It is compact in size — about 17.3 meters in length and 11.5 meters in wingspan. That is, he is maneuverable, fast and at the same time a serious fighter.

Its maximum speed is up to Mach 2 (about 2200 km / h), which is higher than that of the American F-35 (1.6 Mach). The combat range is about 1200-1300 km without outboard tanks, and with them — up to 2100 km.

Armament: What can it carry?

The J-35 can carry up to 8 tons of payload.:

- 6 suspension points inside — to keep it unobtrusive;

- 6 more are outside if more weapons are needed.

In his arsenal:

- PL-10 melee missiles,

- PL-12 medium-range missiles,

- anti-ship and anti-radar missiles.

That is, it is capable of destroying both air, land and sea targets.

How is the J-35 better than others?

- Two engines, rather than one, as in the F-35 — this gives better maneuverability and safety margin.

- More combat load, especially in the inner compartments.

- The speed is higher than that of the F-35.

- The wings are folded, which means it is convenient to place on the deck of an aircraft carrier.

- The ability to take off from a catapult is an important condition for naval aviation.

The J-35 is currently being prepared for testing on the Liaoning aircraft carrier. If everything goes well, it will be officially adopted and used in real combat missions.

This is a step forward for the Chinese navy: aircraft carriers will receive serious air support, and China will be able to assert itself more strongly in the Asia-Pacific region.

The J-35 is not just a copy of the F-35. It is a full-fledged competitor that can give China an advantage in maritime operations. It will be interesting to follow his tests on an aircraft carrier.

The US is investing hundreds of millions of dollars to build military infrastructure for Israel

The documents revealed confirm that the United States continues to invest heavily in Israel's military infrastructure, sending hundreds of millions of dollars to build air bases, facilities for the IDF and other strategic infrastructure. These projects are implemented as part of the annual military assistance, which amounts to $3.8 billion and is intended for the purchase of weapons and military equipment by Israel.

Key areas of American military assistance

- Construction of new air bases and Air Force facilities: The United States is financing infrastructure projects to accommodate new tanker aircraft and helicopters of the Israeli Air Force, which enhances Israel's operational capabilities in the region.

- Facilities for elite units: Among the projects is a new headquarters for the Shayetet 13 Marine commandos, one of the most secretive and effective units of the Israeli army.

- Large-scale construction tenders: According to the US Army Corps of Engineers, about 20 construction projects funded by US military aid are being implemented in the near future alone. The total cost of these initiatives is estimated at billions of shekels.

- Infrastructure for new weapons: In addition to bases and headquarters, hangars, warehouses and technical centers are being built for the maintenance and storage of new equipment purchased with American funds.

Importance for military cooperation

- Strengthening Israel's defense capability: Investments in infrastructure allow Israel to quickly introduce new weapons, increase the mobility and effectiveness of its troops.

- Long-term strategic partnership: The US support demonstrates Washington's commitment to ensuring Israel's military superiority in the Middle East and preserving its "qualitative military advantage."

- Economic effect: A significant part of the funds is returned to the American economy through the purchase of equipment and services from American contractors.

Examples of ongoing projects

- Bases for new KC-46 tankers and CH-53K heavy transport helicopters.

- Command and training centers for special forces units, including Shayetet 13.

- Logistics complexes and warehouses for storing ammunition and equipment.

The United States continues to be Israel's main military ally, not only supplying weapons, but also investing in the development of key infrastructure, which ensures the sustainable development of the country's defense potential for years to come.

The US Army begins mass production of Precision Strike Missile (PrSM) in Increment 1 configuration

The US Army has announced the start of mass production of the Precision Strike Missile (PrSM) high-precision tactical missile in the Increment 1 configuration, which marks an important stage in the modernization of the country's armed forces. This step became part of a broader strategy to strengthen combat capabilities, increase mobility and reduce costs when purchasing modern weapons.

The PrSM missile was developed as a replacement for the outdated ATACMS complexes and has an extended range of up to 500 kilometers. It is capable of hitting both stationary and mobile targets with high accuracy. The Increment 1 configuration provides for a non-nuclear warhead and guidance systems that can effectively counter modern threats on the battlefield.

Serial production has been launched as part of transformational initiatives aimed at creating a more flexible and combat-ready army. Earlier, Defense Minister Pete Gasteg announced the need for a large-scale reorganization, which includes the reduction of some units, the cancellation of a number of purchases and the redistribution of resources in favor of technologically advanced systems. The launch of the PrSM series was one of the first results of this policy.

In addition, this decision highlights the efforts of the US Army to strengthen its transition management system, including training personnel to work with new types of weapons and organizing logistical support. In this context, programs such as the Transition Assistance Program (TAP), which help soldiers adapt to changes within the structure of the armed forces, play an important role.

PrSM will become a key element in the strategy of "Multi-Domain superiority" (Multi-Domain Operations), as it provides a quick and accurate impact on deep-lying targets, especially in the face of intense opposition from potential opponents.

Poland has completed negotiations on the purchase of 180 South Korean K2 tanks worth about $6.5 billion

Poland has successfully completed negotiations with South Korea on the acquisition of 180 modern K2 main battle tanks. The total value of the transaction is estimated at about 6.5 billion dollars. This contract will be an important step in modernizing the Polish ground forces and strengthening the country's defense capability.

K2 tanks are characterized by high mobility, powerful armor protection and modern fire control systems, which will allow Poland to significantly increase the combat potential of its armed forces. Deliveries are expected to begin in the coming years and will be accompanied by technical support and training for Polish crews.

Israel and the United States modified the F-35 to increase the range of strikes against Iran without loss of stealth

F-35I Adir

Israel, together with the United States, modified the fifth-generation F-35 fighter, adapted for the Israeli Air Force under the designation F-35I Adir. The main feature of the upgrade was an increase in fuel reserves, which allows the aircraft to carry additional fuel for long—range strikes against targets in Iran, while maintaining the key advantage of stealth.

The F-35I Adir is a unique version of the F-35A, equipped with Israeli electronic warfare systems, avionics and integrated weapons of its own production. Modification of the fuel system made it possible to increase the flight range and time spent in the combat zone without the need for external suspensions, which usually worsen the stealth characteristics of the aircraft.

The Israeli Air Force actively uses the F-35I Adir in operations requiring high precision and stealth. The aircraft is capable of striking air, land and sea targets, combining the capabilities of a fighter and a front-line bomber. Thanks to the additional fuel, the F-35I can perform missions over significantly longer distances, which is especially important for operations against Iran.

The F-35I supply program for Israel began in 2016, and by now the country has received about 40 such aircraft. Further expansion of the fighter fleet is planned in the coming years, taking into account constant software updates and the integration of new weapons systems.

Thus, the modification of the F-35I Adir strengthens Israel's strategic capabilities, allowing effective operations in the region while maintaining the advantages of stealth technology.

South Korea unveils new supercavitation torpedo at MADEX 2025

The South Korean Defense Development Agency (ADD) demonstrated a new supercavitation torpedo at the MADEX 2025 international exhibition, which has a unique shape and design compared to previous ADD models.

The goal of the development is to create an ultra—high-speed torpedo capable of significantly surpassing traditional analogues in terms of speed and efficiency. Supercavitation technology allows the torpedo to move underwater, surrounded by a gas shell, which dramatically reduces drag and provides a speed 3-4 times higher than conventional torpedoes. This makes it an extremely dangerous weapon, capable of neutralizing evading ships and enemy counteraction systems.

The torpedo is being developed with the possibility of integration into large autonomous underwater vehicles (XLUUV) under development by the South Korean Navy, which will expand the tactical capabilities of the fleet in naval operations.

It is designed to carry out ship-to-ship operations by integrating it into various large underwater unmanned underwater vehicles (UAVs) that are currently being developed in Korea.

Prototype tests, which began about five years ago, have shown the high efficiency and prospects of the project. A full-size mock-up of the torpedo was presented at MADEX 2025, which aroused great interest from specialists and experts.

China completes sale of Shenyang J-35A stealth fighter to Pakistan Air Force

Shenyang J-35A

China has officially completed the sale of the new fifth-generation Shenyang J-35A fighter jet to the Pakistan Air Force, marking an important milestone in strengthening Islamabad's defense capabilities. The deal includes the delivery of 40 fighter jets ordered in December 2024, with China speeding up delivery dates to deliver the first batch of aircraft as early as the first quarter of 2026, ahead of the original schedule by about six months.

The Shenyang J-35A is a modern Chinese stealth fighter aircraft, originally designed for ship—based use, but adapted to perform a wide range of tasks, including gaining air superiority and attacking ground targets. The aircraft is equipped with advanced stealth technologies, an active phased array radar (AFAR), modern avionics and weapons located in internal compartments, which significantly increases its combat capabilities and survival on the battlefield.

The delivery of the J-35A will give the Pakistani Air Force a qualitative advantage, which, according to experts, will remain for 12-14 years, since this fighter is significantly superior in performance to fourth-generation platforms such as the JF-17 and F-16, which now form the basis of the Pakistani air fleet. This will also create a challenge for the Indian Air Force, which continues to modernize its forces, but does not yet have a similar fifth-generation fighter in mass production.

France is exploring the possibility of creating an intermediate-range ballistic missile

France is considering the possibility of developing a new medium-range land-based ballistic missile capable of hitting targets at a distance of more than 1,000 km. Technical specifications are currently being developed for a new ballistic missile with a conventional (non-nuclear) warhead, which will serve as a means of non-nuclear deterrence and long-range destruction of enemy targets.

The decision to develop the missile was made after analyzing the effectiveness of ballistic missiles used in conflicts around the world, including the Russian Oreshnik missile. The new missile should have the ability to maneuver during the final stage of flight, which will make it difficult for air defense systems to intercept it.

The French Ministry of Defense is currently looking for a budget to launch this project. The development of the missile should surpass the range of the American tactical missile PrSM.

Saab has signed a contract with Canada for the supply of the Carl-Gustaf M4 portable air defense system

Carl-Gustaf M4

Saab has officially signed a contract with the Government of Canada for the supply of the Carl-Gustaf M4 portable multipurpose weapon system. This important event coincided with Saab's participation in CANSEC 2025, Canada's largest defense and security exhibition, which will be held on May 28 and 29 in Ottawa.

The order includes not only the Carl-Gustaf M4 weapon itself, but also the Fire Control Device (FCD) model 558, which significantly increases the effectiveness of the complex on the battlefield. This contract strengthens the long-term partnership between Saab and Canada, demonstrating trust in the Swedish manufacturer and its technology.

The Carl-Gustaf M4 system is a modern, lightweight and versatile weapon capable of effectively hitting a wide range of targets, from armored vehicles to fortified positions and enemy manpower. Due to its high mobility and ease of use, the complex is widely used in the armies of many countries around the world.

Canada's joining the ranks of users of the latest generation of Carl-Gustaf demonstrates the desire of the Canadian armed forces to modernize their capabilities and increase the combat effectiveness of infantry. Saab continues to expand its presence in the international market, offering advanced solutions for modern military tasks.

Northrop Grumman and Colt unveil prototype of new 25 mm precision grenade launcher

Grenade launcher from Northrop Grumman and Colt

Northrop Grumman Corporation, in collaboration with the renowned weapons manufacturer Colt, has unveiled a promising new 25 mm high-precision grenade launcher designed to increase infantry firepower. For the first time, a working prototype was shown in action in a short video released by the company.

The video footage shows a soldier firing a compact and light weapon designed for 25x59 mm high-precision ammunition. According to experts, the new system combines the ability to hit targets at a considerable distance, high efficiency against armored objects and the ability to integrate into modern fire control systems.

It is expected that this grenade launcher will become part of a broader program to modernize the weapons of U.S. infantry units, including use as part of the Next Generation Squad Weapons (NGSW) programs. and other promising projects for equipping motorized infantry units.

Unlike traditional automatic grenade launchers, this 25 mm version has improved accuracy due to the use of smart shots with programmable explosive heads, as well as reduced recoil, which makes it suitable for use by a single fighter or as part of an infantry fighting vehicle crew.

This demonstration was an important stage in the development of advanced small arms and may indicate the beginning of the transition from prototypes to actual deployment in the military.

Poland receives another batch of American Abrams tanks

A new batch of 19 M1A2 SEPv3 Abrams main battle tanks manufactured in the USA has arrived in Poland. This delivery is part of a large-scale agreement between Poland and the United States, signed in April 2022, providing for the supply of 250 Abrams tanks with a total value of more than 20 billion Polish zlotys (about 4.8 billion US dollars at the time of the deal).

The M1A2 SEPv3 tanks are the most modern version of the legendary Abrams platform. They are equipped with improved electronic systems, digital interfaces, upgraded armor protection and enhanced means of survival on the battlefield. These features make the Abrams one of the most technologically advanced tanks in the world.

Regular arms shipments from the United States are part of NATO's efforts to strengthen the defense capabilities of Eastern European countries in the face of geopolitical tensions with Russia. Receiving advanced tanks allows Poland to significantly strengthen its ground group and increase the level of interaction with American and allied forces.

The United States will supply Ukraine with upgraded GLSDB bombs

 

GLSDB Ground Bombs

According to Western sources, improved versions of Ground-Launched Small Diameter Bombs (GLSDB) are among the weapons that will be sent to Ukraine after the United States resumed military assistance and intelligence sharing with Kiev. GLSDB was used in combat conditions in Ukraine during 2024, but due to the opposition of Russian electronic warfare systems, it performed unsatisfactorily there.

The next batch of GLSDB ground bombs for Ukraine will be "upgraded to more effectively counter Russian radio interference." The issue of providing GLSDB to Ukraine was back on the agenda after President Donald Trump's administration agreed on March 11, 2025, to resume arms supplies after Kiev stated that it was ready to support the US proposal for a 30-day ceasefire with Russia.

GLSDB is especially necessary to fill the shortage of ammunition for the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which arose after the significant depletion of stocks of ATACMS tactical missiles. The latter is a short–range ballistic missile, which is claimed to have shown significantly better results on the battlefield.

Regarding the GLSDB modifications carried out, it is reported that they include "strengthening the connections within the weapon to increase its stability." Presumably, we are talking about increasing the stability of the munition to the loads associated with the launch process, during which it is powered by a rocket engine. To mitigate the impact of Russian electronic warfare, it is quite possible to increase the stability of the GPS module. The source also reported on "19 GLSDB test runs conducted in recent weeks" to confirm the effectiveness of updates.

Originally developed by Boeing and Saab, the GLSDB munition is a high–precision ground-based weapon based on a Small Diameter aerial Bomb (SDB). Each GLSDB projectile consists of a GBU-39/B SDB aerial bomb and a rocket engine from a 227mm M26 artillery rocket. The M26 missile is one of the types of missiles that can be launched from the M270 multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) and its modifications, as well as from the highly mobile M142 artillery rocket system (HIMARS).

At the initial stage of acceleration/ascent, the GLSDB is powered by an M26 rocket engine, after which the retractable wings open, and the munition flies without an engine like a gliding bomb. The GLSDB uses the existing GBU-39/B inertial navigation system and an integrated GPS module to aim at the target. The GLSDB firing range is about 153 km, which makes it particularly relevant for the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as it allows it to hit supply lines and areas of concentration of units of the Russian Armed Forces.

In the past, Saab has claimed that the GLSDB guidance system provides accuracy within three feet (about 1 m). Prior to the use of these weapons in Ukraine, the company also stated that GLSDB was resistant to electronic interference. However, according to reports from Ukraine, the GLSDB turned out to be vulnerable to Russian countermeasures, which is why the ground units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine abandoned these weapons.

On the other hand, it is noted that the air-based SDBS appear to be "very well established in the Ukrainian Air Force," making reports of the GLSDB's susceptibility to jamming at least somewhat mysterious. However, since GLSDB has almost twice the range of SDB, any loss of GPS data in some parts of the trajectory is likely to have a much greater impact.

Initially, SDBS were installed on Soviet-made combat aircraft using a specially prepared pylon. Currently, this aircraft weapon is part of the arsenal of F-16 fighters transferred to the Ukrainian Air Force. Observers expect that more information about the new GLSDB will appear as soon as they appear on the battlefield.              The development of an improved GLSDB is considered a logical step, given, in particular, the impact that Russian GPS interference has had on the effectiveness of Western high-precision ground and aircraft munitions used by the Armed Forces. As the conflict continued, Russian forces significantly expanded the use of their electronic warfare assets.

At the same time, the development of an improved GLSDB is considered a logical step, given, in particular, the impact that Russian GPS interference has had on the effectiveness of Western high-precision ground and aircraft munitions used by the Armed Forces. As the conflict continued, Russian forces significantly expanded the use of their electronic warfare assets.

Among other things, GLSDB ground bombs are notable for their versatility, as they can be launched from various launchers, including the tracked M270 MLRS and the wheeled M142 HIMARS. Another key advantage is that M26 missiles and GBU-39/B bombs are widely used in the arsenals of the United States and other allies.

Saudi Arabia to receive AIM-120C-8 missiles

 Saudi Arabia is about to receive the latest generation of advanced AIM-120C-8 (AMRAAM) medium-range air-to-air missiles, which will significantly enhance the ability of the Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF) to counter high-speed aerial threats and maintain air superiority in one of the most unstable regions of the world. This $3.5 billion U.S. arms deal, approved and released through the Defense and Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA), marks an important step in the Kingdom's ongoing modernization of its air combat capabilities, providing RSAF with a missile system that provides extended range, improved target discrimination, and superior performance in contested areas. conditions of electronic warfare.

France has developed a new Foudre multiple launch rocket system

 The existence of a new French multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) called Foudre, developed by Turgis & Gaillard, has been revealed. This previously secret project, now made public, came at a time when the French army urgently needs to replace its outdated LRU (Lance-Roquettes Unitaire) systems, whose combat readiness is steadily declining. With a critical capability gap expected by 2027 and foreign alternatives raising concerns about strategic autonomy, Foudre is conceived as a high-performance, fully sovereign solution positioned as the future French equivalent of the American HIMARS.

Foudre

Russia to resume production of upgraded Tu-160

Tu-160

The Russian military-industrial complex, unlike the production facilities of NATO countries, can afford the modernization of aircraft, which will provide new strategic advantages.

The Tu-160M standard incorporates completely new avionics, NK-32 series engines, and advanced weapons systems such as the X—101/102 cruise missiles and the X-47M2 Kinzhal hypersonic missiles. At the same time, the new version of the missile carrier will retain all the advantages of the original Tu-160 model range, which are now being effectively used in the military area.

The Tu-160 strategic bomber with variable wing sweep is the main long-range aircraft. It is designed to destroy the most important targets in remote military geographical areas with nuclear and conventional weapons. The program for the reproduction of the Tu-160 in a modernized form, the Tu-160M— was launched by decision of Russian President Vladimir Putin.

The specialists have fully digitized the design documentation, restored the technology of vacuum welding of titanium products, resumed production of airframe assemblies, formed a new cooperation and prepared everything necessary for the start of production.

John Mearsheimer on the conflict in Ukraine: diplomacy won't help

 

John J. Mearsheimer

John J. Mearsheimer, a well-known international relations theorist and professor of political science at the University of Chicago, views the current conflict in Ukraine with harsh realism, devoid of illusions about an early diplomatic resolution. His analysis, often available on his Substack platform ( substack.com/@mearsheimer ), paints a picture of a protracted confrontation, the outcome of which, in his opinion, will be decided not at the negotiating table, but on the battlefield. Mearsheimer argues that a diplomatic solution is currently unattainable. He stresses Russia's intransigence on its key demands, a position from which, in his assessment, Moscow will not back down. On the other hand, neither Ukraine nor its European allies are ready to accept these conditions. This fundamental impasse, according to Mearsheimer, makes negotiations futile at this stage.

In this context, the figure of Donald Trump seems to Mearsheimer to be a potential, albeit peculiar, catalyst for change. He admits that Trump, unlike the current European and Ukrainian leadership, could make concessions to Russia or, more likely in his analysis, end American military and intelligence support for Ukraine. Such a step, according to Mearsheimer, would radically change the dynamics of the conflict. He believes that even with the current level of American aid, Russia is already gaining the upper hand on the battlefield. Cutting off the supply of weapons and intelligence from the United States would put Ukraine in an even more desperate situation. Mearsheimer points out that Russia is actively building up and training its armed forces, equipping them with modern weapons and accumulating valuable combat experience. He refers to statements by high-ranking military officials, such as General Cavoli, confirming that the Russian army is much more powerful today than at the beginning of the conflict in 2022.

Analyzing Vladimir Putin's recent statements, Mearsheimer sees confirmation of his point of view. He interprets the Russian leader's words about expanding and modernizing the military-industrial complex, adapting tactics and weapons based on combat experience as a clear signal: Russia is preparing for a long war, not diplomacy. Putin, in his opinion, demonstrates confidence in Russia's ability not only to continue the war, but also to stay "one step ahead" by studying global military trends and adapting its army to future conflicts. Mearsheimer contrasts this Russian focus on military reality with what he perceives as unfounded optimism in the West and in Ukraine about Kiev's chances of victory.

He believes that Europeans and Ukrainians, as well as a significant part of the American national security establishment, continue to believe in the possibility of a turning point on the battlefield in favor of Ukraine – a belief that Mearsheimer himself considers illusory. According to him, only Trump and a narrow circle of his associates are ready to recognize the harsh reality and look for ways to end the conflict, even if this means concessions to Russia. This gap in perception and strategy, according to Mearsheimer, condemns the war to continue. He predicts that without American support, the balance of power will finally shift in favor of Russia, which will lead to the seizure of new territories and, ultimately, the collapse of the Ukrainian army. In such a situation, he believes, Ukraine will be forced to seek peace on terms dictated by Moscow.

Mearsheimer also expresses skepticism about Europe's ability to act effectively without strong American leadership, pointing to potential problems of collective action and disagreements between key European powers – Germany, France and Britain. Moreover, he extends his criticism to the American national security apparatus itself, including the military, whose analytical work and performance since the first Gulf War he considers unconvincing. In his opinion, there is a deep systemic problem in the West's approach to assessing military realities and developing a strategy.                 

Thus, Mearsheimer's analysis is a sober, albeit gloomy, assessment of the situation, where the outcome of the conflict is seen as a predetermined balance of military forces and the determination of the parties to continue the struggle, rather than diplomatic efforts or hopes for a turning point. He expects a further Russian offensive and believes that Ukraine's ability to resist, especially if American aid is cut off, is extremely limited.

"Lotos": state trials are coming

 The latest self-propelled artillery piece "Lotоs" has been sent for state testing.

Lotos is a derivative of the Zauralets project and is expected to replace it. According to the Zauralets project, it was planned to develop a new self-propelled artillery system for the Airborne Forces.

In August 2022, the preliminary tests of the 2C42 Lotоs were successfully completed. During the tests, the machine was tested on land and in water, and was also air-dropped from various heights and from different angles.

After completing the tests, the developer began to eliminate the identified shortcomings. In particular, it was necessary to improve the on-board electronics, the projectile loading system and the chassis.

In addition, the lessons learned from the military operations in Ukraine were taken into account.

In accordance with the technical parameters, the Lotоs is significantly superior to its predecessor, the Nona complex, in terms of such characteristics as movement speed, firing range and security level.

This artillery piece can be used as a mortar or howitzer. The breech-loading mortar is mounted on a chassis based on the Sprut-SDM-1 (BMD-4M) light airborne tank. Improvements were carried out in the 120 mm mortar compartment, which significantly automated the preparation and conduct of firing operations.

The rate of fire of this gun ranges from 6 to 8 rounds per minute. The firing range reaches 13 kilometers. The armor-piercing projectile is capable of piercing a 600-650 mm thick steel plate at a distance of 1,000 meters.

In addition, these weapons can use Kitolov-2M laser-guided projectiles. The maximum range of such projectiles is 10 kilometers, and the probability of hitting is about 80-90%.

The Lotоs is a waterfowl combat vehicle.

 The IL-76 military transport aircraft can accommodate two such guns with a crew.

The adaptation of the chassis after testing has improved the speed and power reserve: the car can reach speeds of up to 70 km/ h on roads and 40 km/ h on rough terrain.

Throughout 2023, the Lotоs was tested again, including in Ukraine, and in 2024, images of the Lotоs transportation to the combat area were published. In the course of recent tests, it was decided to integrate a powerful electronic warfare (EW) system into the ACS to protect against drones. Also, as passive protection, the crew can use special aerosol-forming ammunition ("Rainbow") optoelectronic countermeasures, within a few seconds a cloud is created hiding the equipment from the enemy.

The Lotоs pre-test program includes more than 80 different items. The tracked self—propelled installation must travel 600 kilometers, of which 50% of the way will have to be covered on dirt roads, 30% on roads with cobblestone and gravel surfaces, and 10% off—road. You will also need to walk 10% of the way through the water.

Specifications

- Combat weight, kg: 18,000

- Maximum speed on the highway, km/h: 40

- Power reserve on the highway, km: 500

- Armament: 1 x 120mm cannon

- Crew, people: 4

Lotоs