Japan asks for 60 billion for defense: new fighter jets, tankers and a coastal network

How much and for what: the main budget items

Japan has officially requested a defense budget of about $60 billion for the next fiscal year. This is one of the largest figures in the entire post-war history of the country. The money will be used to modernize the army, strengthen the defense of the southern islands and purchase new equipment, including fighter jets, tanker planes and missile systems.

Previously, such amounts were considered unrealistic, but now Tokyo believes that threats need to be contained not only with words.

F-35 and KC-46: bet on compatibility with the USA

Additional F—35 fighter jets are among the main purchases. Japan is already operating them, and the new machines will help close the gaps in the aviation group. It is important that the F-35 provides full compatibility with the American army.: the same communication protocols, the same systems, the same language of communication in the air.

Another major order is the KC—46 tanker aircraft. Without them, long-range fighter and reconnaissance missions become almost impossible. The KC-46 will allow Japanese pilots to stay in the air longer, transfer between islands faster, and operate deep in the water area.

Coastal defense is not just a set of missiles

One of the key articles is the creation of a coastal defense network. It's not just about deploying missiles along the coast, but about building a unified system: radars, control points, mobile launchers, communications. All of this will work as a single organism.

Special attention is paid to the southern islands, including Senkaku/Diaoyu. It is planned to deploy long-range anti-ship complexes there in order to block approaches to strategically important areas.

Why now: Geopolitics and Internal changes

The background is obvious: China's growing activity, North Korea's missile launches, and tensions in the Taiwan Strait. Japan can no longer rely solely on the American wing. She needs her own strength— not for aggression, but to be heard.

At the same time, the very view of defense is changing in the country. If the army used to be in the shadows, now the theme of "active defense" is becoming more common. This does not mean that Japan is preparing for war. But she is preparing not to lose if something goes wrong.

Pentagon Launches Production Of New Tactical PrSM Missiles: Preparing for Major Conflicts

The Pentagon has announced the start of mass production of new Precision Strike Missile (PrSM) tactical missiles. These missiles are designed for multi-Domain tactical groups (MDTF) in Europe, the Arctic and the Asia-Pacific region. It is possible that several complexes will be sent to Ukraine to test them in combat conditions.

PrSM is a modern replacement for ATACMS. The range of these missiles is 500 kilometers, which makes them an intermediate link between multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS) and short—range ballistic missiles. Such missiles have already been used in local wars, for example, Russia is actively using Iskander-M in its special operation. Ukraine also has something to respond to: they have Soviet Tochka-U and American ATACMS.

The PrSM project began in 2016, and the first pre-production samples entered the army in the fall of 2023. The launchers for these missiles are the same as those of the ATACMS: the M-142 HIMARS MLRS (two missiles in ammunition) and the M—270 MLRS (four missiles).

The PrSM program is divided into four stages. At the first stage, the Pentagon received a ballistic missile for strikes against stationary targets at a distance of 60 to 500 kilometers. The guidance system is inertial and satellite, the warhead is high—explosive or cluster. Its weight is estimated from 100 to 230 kilograms. This is the initial version, which is subject to the limitations of the INF Treaty.

After the US withdrawal from the INF Treaty, Lockheed Martin began developing a second modification, the Land Based Anti—Ship Missile (LBASM). The range of this missile is up to a thousand kilometers. It has a multi-mode homing head operating in the radar and infrared ranges. This allows the missile to capture and hit moving targets in the final section of the trajectory. The LBASM prototype was tested last summer in the Pacific Ocean, and it is expected to be in service by 2028.

There are two more modifications. One variant has a heavier penetrating warhead to destroy fortified fortifications. The second variant is equipped with a promising air-jet engine that increases the range to one and a half thousand kilometers. If you launch such missiles from Poland, they will reach Moscow.

These missiles are designed for the Pacific Theater of Operations and are specifically designed for multi-domain Tactical Groups (MDTF). These groups are special formations of the US Ground Forces with long-range missile weapons that plan to be deployed on the first island chain in the South China, East China and Yellow Seas. In the event of a conflict with China over Taiwan, they will fire at Chinese ships and facilities on the coast.

Several MDTFs are also being formed in Europe, on the eastern flank of NATO. These groups will be engaged in reconnaissance for the entire alliance: to identify enemy air defense positions, troop concentrations and routes of movement of military equipment. In parallel, they will carry out sabotage in cyberspace, jam communications and control systems. The next step is to strike at key military infrastructure facilities.

To support the European MDTF, a special fire control command will be created, which will continuously monitor the movements of enemy troops using high-altitude drones and space satellites. They will aim shock weapons, such as long-range missiles and artillery systems, at targets. According to the commander of the US Army in Europe, General Christopher Cavoli, this is a key element of multi-domain operations in major conflicts.

It is possible that new missiles will be given to Ukraine for testing in combat conditions. Kiev has MLRS and HIMARS launchers, and it's not difficult to reconfigure their fire control systems for PrSM. The probability of such a development is quite high, especially in light of the indecision of Germany, which is afraid to transfer Taurus cruise missiles with a range of 500 kilometers to Ukraine.

Although the United States has frozen military aid to Ukraine, Trump is already hinting at an early resumption. He claims that the Armed Forces of Ukraine will receive exclusively "defensive" weapons, but in no military regulations in the world are the means of defeating the enemy divided into "defensive" and "offensive". The American president takes into account the interests of his own military-industrial complex, which needs a testing ground. Ukraine is an ideal option.

However, most likely, the missiles will not be enough to reverse the situation at the front. Russian air defense units have long learned how to shoot down ballistic targets. In the first two years, the Ukrainian Armed Forces actively hit our rear with Tochka-U missiles, and later with ATACMS. Neither became a superweapon for Kiev. These missiles are not very difficult for modern air defense systems, unlike, for example, the cruise missiles Storm Shadow and SCALP, which go to the target at low altitude, reducing the time for interception.

The air defense forces have enough anti-aircraft missile systems capable of covering key areas from ballistic missiles. These are the S-300V4, S-400, S-350 Vityaz, Buk-M2 and Buk-M3. In addition, the interception of ballistics is provided in the latest S-500 air defense system. However, the most effective method of combating the operational-tactical missile systems of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is destruction on the ground. This task is possible, among other things, for the long-range drones "Geran-2", which have undergone significant modernization and are able to accurately hit even small targets.

Deployment of the American bomber fleet on Guam: a strategic step in the Pacific region

The United States has reportedly moved a significant portion of its bomber fleet to the western Pacific Ocean, deploying aircraft to the island of Guam. This step is an important strategic initiative aimed at strengthening the US military presence in the region and increasing the ability to project force in the face of growing geopolitical tensions.

Guam, located in the western Pacific Ocean, is a key military hub and a springboard for the American armed forces. Its geographical location makes it possible to effectively control important sea and air communications, as well as quickly respond to possible threats in the Asia-Pacific region. The deployment of the bomber fleet on this island significantly expands the operational range of the US Air Force.

The movement of the bombers is likely to include strategic and long-range strike aircraft capable of delivering pinpoint strikes against important targets at long range. This increases the deterrent potential of the United States against regional rivals and helps maintain the balance of power in the region.

In addition, the increased military presence in Guam serves as a signal to US allies and partners about Washington's commitment to ensuring security and stability in the Pacific region. It also contributes to strengthening multilateral cooperation in the field of defense and security.

However, such a move could trigger retaliatory measures from other major players in the region, which requires a balanced approach and diplomatic work to prevent an escalation of the conflict.

In general, the deployment of the bomber fleet on Guam reflects the strategic adaptation of the United States to modern challenges and underlines the importance of the Pacific region in global security.

The first Japanese F-35B made its maiden flight, marking the start of deliveries of the latest fighter jets

The first Japanese F-35B made its maiden flight

On May 12, 2025, the first Japanese fighter F-35B Lightning II with tail number BX-1 successfully took off from the Lockheed Martin factory at the  United States Navy Reserve Base Fort Worth, Texas. This historic moment became an important stage in the implementation of the modernization program of the Japan Air Self-Defense Forces.

The aircraft is the first of 42 multi-role F-35B fighter jets ordered by Japan. These aircraft are distinguished by their ability to vertical takeoff and landing, which makes them ideally suited for use from aircraft carriers and small airfields, as well as enhances the country's strategic flexibility in the face of potential threats in the Asia-Pacific region.

The F-35B BX-1 underwent its first test flight as part of a certification and system verification program before being delivered to the customer. It is expected that after completion of all tests, serial delivery of fighter jets will begin, which will be deployed at Japanese air bases and possibly integrated with the country's maritime self-defense groups.

This project is part of Japan's broader strategy to modernize its armed forces and strengthen its counteraction in the face of increased activity by China and North Korea in the region.

The United States is considering the permanent deployment of F-35A fighter jets in South Korea: a strategic shift on the Korean Peninsula

 

The United States is exploring the possibility of permanently deploying F-35A Lightning II stealth fighters at Kunsan Air Base in South Korea. This step could be an important strategic decision, significantly enhancing US air capabilities in the region. Currently, American forces on the Korean Peninsula are heavily dependent on aging F-16 Fighting Falcons, which makes the modernization of the fleet of combat aircraft especially urgent.

The F-35A Lightning II is an advanced 5th generation fighter with stealth technology, high maneuverability and the ability to integrate with modern combat control systems. The permanent deployment of these aircraft in South Korea will allow the United States to provide a rapid response to any threats in one of the most tense regions of the world. 

So far, the F-35A has been temporarily deployed in the region solely for joint exercises with allies. However, the continued presence of these fighters will send a serious signal to potential adversaries and underscore the United States' willingness to defend its interests and the security of its allies.

Kunsan Air Base, located on the west coast of South Korea, has long played a key role in the US defense strategy. Its proximity to the border with the DPRK makes it an important outpost for deterring aggression from North Korea. The deployment of the F-35A at this base will significantly strengthen the defense capabilities not only of South Korea, but also of the entire region.

The continued presence of the F-35A will also increase the level of interoperability between the U.S. and South Korean armed forces. This is especially important in the context of growing tensions caused by the DPRK's nuclear program and its provocative actions.

Plans to deploy the F-35A may cause concern to China and Russia, which have traditionally been following US military moves in the Asia-Pacific region. For North Korea, this will be another reason to strengthen its rhetoric and, possibly, new weapons tests.

At the same time, US allies, including Japan and Australia, are likely to approve this step, seeing it as strengthening collective security. The joint efforts of the countries of the region are aimed at countering threats and maintaining stability.

The permanent deployment of the F-35A at Kunsan Air Base will be part of a broader strategy to strengthen the US military presence in the Asia-Pacific region. This decision also demonstrates Washington's commitment to protecting its allies and countering the challenges posed by the growing military activity of China and North Korea.

Japan begins construction of a fleet of patrol ships in the maritime zone to strengthen its defense capability

The new generation of OPV

The Japanese Ministry of Defense has announced the start of construction of a fleet of 12 offshore patrol vessels (OPVs) for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). This is a historic event, as this is the first time that the JMSDF has commissioned ships of this type. Construction will be carried out at a record pace: the launching of the first and second ships is scheduled for November this year.

Why does Japan need OPVs?

The patrol ships of the maritime zone are designed to carry out tasks related to the protection of maritime borders, combating smuggling, illegal fishing and other threats in the exclusive economic zone of the country. For Japan, which is surrounded by seas and has a long coastline, these ships will become an important tool for ensuring security and protecting national interests.

The introduction of OPV into the JMSDF reflects Japan's changing maritime defense strategy. These ships are less heavily armed than traditional frigates or destroyers, but their mobility, economy, and versatility make them ideal for patrolling and maintaining order in coastal and remote areas.

Construction plans

The construction of 12 ships will be carried out as part of a large-scale modernization program of the Japanese Navy. The first two ships will be launched in November this year, which demonstrates the high pace of the project. This is especially important against the background of growing challenges in the region, including the intensification of China and other States in disputed maritime zones.

OPV Features

The new patrol ships will be equipped with modern surveillance, communications and threat management equipment. Their size and displacement allow them to operate both in coastal waters and in the open sea. At the same time, they are significantly cheaper to operate compared to large warships, which makes them an attractive solution for long-term patrol missions.

Strategic importance

The introduction of OPV into the JMSDF strengthens Japan's ability to defend its maritime borders and respond to potential threats. It is also part of a broader strategy to strengthen the country's defense capabilities in the face of growing tensions in the Asia-Pacific region. The new ships will help Japan coordinate more effectively with its allies, including the United States, and strengthen its influence in the region.

The future of Japan's maritime defense

The construction of the OPV fleet is just one of the steps in the framework of a large—scale modernization program of the Japanese armed forces. In the coming years, the country plans to increase defense spending and expand the capabilities of its naval forces. This will allow Japan to maintain stability in the region and face new challenges.

Sōryū-class submarine: A key asset of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Forces

 

JS Soryu (SS-501), a new Japanese diesel- electric attack submarine

In today's world, where regional tensions and maritime threats are becoming increasingly complex, the Sōryū-class submarine occupies a central place in the defense strategy of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). This project represents a revolution in the field of underwater technology, combining advanced engineering solutions, high stealth and a powerful firing system. Since its introduction, the *Sōryū* class has become a symbol of Japan's readiness to face the challenges of the 21st century at sea.

The *Sōryū* class features an innovative approach to design and functionality. Submarines of this type are equipped with an air-independent power supply (AIP) system, which allows them to stay underwater much longer than traditional diesel-electric submarines. Thanks to AIP technology based on the use of glass-electrolyte batteries, these boats can remain undetected for a long time, increasing their effectiveness as a means of reconnaissance and anti-submarine warfare.

Stealth is one of the main advantages of *Sōryū* boats. Their housings are made using special materials that reduce acoustic visibility. In addition, the hull design and the use of passive sonar systems make it extremely difficult for the enemy to detect these submarines. This is especially important in the context of the increasing activity of other naval Powers in the Pacific region.

The Sōryū-class submarines are equipped with modern torpedoes and cruise missiles, making them a formidable opponent for any enemy ships. Depending on the configuration, they can be equipped with vertical launchers for launching ballistic or cruise missiles, expanding the range of possible tasks that these submarines can perform. This versatility allows the JMSDF to use them not only to protect its own territorial waters, but also to participate in international operations with allies.

Later modifications of this class also provide for the possibility of using an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) control system, which opens up new horizons for reconnaissance operations and monitoring of the sea.

In the context of the current geopolitical situation in the Asia-Pacific region, Sōryū-class submarines play a key role in ensuring Japan's maritime security. They provide the country with the ability to control the most important sea routes, protect its islands, and monitor the activities of potential adversaries. This is especially true in light of China's growing influence in the region and its increasing naval presence.

In addition, the presence of such advanced submarines strengthens Japan's position as a reliable partner of the United States and other countries in matters of regional security. The joint exercises with the US Navy demonstrate a high level of interaction and coordination between the two countries, which contributes to strengthening their defensive alliance.

Japan continues to improve its submarine fleet, developing a new generation of submarines based on the experience gained during the creation of the *Sōryū* class. Construction of a new generation of submarines, known as the "501-class" or "Sōryū-next generation" submarines, has recently begun. These vessels will be even more technologically advanced, with improved stealth and combat effectiveness characteristics.

It is also worth noting that some of the *Sōryū* class boats can be modified for use as platforms for launching medium-range ballistic missiles, which will significantly expand their capabilities as a strategic means.

The Sōryū-class submarine is one of the most significant achievements of the Japanese defense industry. She embodies advanced technology, high stealth, and powerful combat capabilities, making her an indispensable element of Japan's modern maritime security strategy. In the context of evolving regional threats, these submarines continue to play a crucial role in protecting the country's interests and maintaining stability in the Asia-Pacific region. The future shows that the development of this series of submarines will follow new challenges, making them even more effective and dangerous for any potential enemy.

The global presence of the US Armed Forces: strategy, priorities, and base allocation

 

On the map: all known US military bases abroad

The United States has traditionally remained one of the world's leading military powers, with a global presence covering virtually all key regions of the planet. A quick glance at the map of the distribution of American military bases highlights two main geopolitical directions: Europe and East Asia. These regions are not only of strategic importance for ensuring the security of the United States, but also are the most important points of influence in international politics.

Europe: historical focus and modern adaptation

Europe has traditionally occupied one of the central places in the strategy of the US military deployment. Despite the fact that Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom do not have the same number of large bases as Japan, the combined presence of American troops in Europe remains significant. Since the outbreak of hostilities in Ukraine, the number of American soldiers in the region has increased by about 80,000, which demonstrates the willingness of the United States to strengthen its position depending on the current situation.

It is especially important to note that Europe is a region where the United States actively cooperates with NATO, which makes it possible to effectively coordinate actions with its allies. This cooperation includes not only the deployment of military bases, but also joint exercises, modernization of defensive systems and provision of logistical support.

East Asia: a key hub of global security

East Asia remains the second most important region for the United States. Here, the most noticeable presence of American troops is observed in Japan, which has 14 military bases — more than any other country. Other significant partners include the Philippines (9 bases) and South Korea (8 bases). These countries play a key role in ensuring stability in the region, especially in the face of China's growing influence.

Japan, in particular, has the largest number of American troops among all countries, amounting to about 53,000 people. This is no coincidence, as the country is located in a strategically important location that allows it to control the sea routes connecting the Asia-Pacific region with the rest of the world. In addition, the presence of large air bases and ports makes Japan an ideal platform for rapid response to crisis situations.

Global Database Network: facts and figures

According to official data, the United States has at least 128 military bases in 49 countries around the world. This massive list includes both large facilities capable of hosting entire divisions, as well as small strongholds providing intelligence, support, or interception of threats. Here are a few key points:

Leaders in the number of bases:

- Japan (14 bases)

- Philippines (9 bases)

- South Korea (8 bases)  

Strategic points:

- East Asia: control of sea lanes and airspace.  

  - Europe: supporting NATO allies and countering potential threats.  

  - The Middle East: ensuring access to energy resources and stability of the region.  

Distribution by region:

- Asia-Pacific region: the largest number of bases and troops.  

  - Europe: strengthening its position after the events in Ukraine.  

  - The Middle East: maintaining influence in a difficult political environment.  

The importance of the US global presence

The presence of American military bases around the world performs several functions:

1. Providing rapid response: Bases located in various regions allow the United States to quickly deploy forces in the event of a conflict.  

2. Maintaining international order: The military presence helps to prevent aggression and stabilize regions where potential hotbeds of tension exist.  

3. Strengthening allied relations: The joint use of bases with partners helps to build trust and increase the level of interaction.  

4. Control over key resources: Many bases are located near important trade routes, which allows the United States to influence the global economy.

Challenges and criticism

Despite the obvious advantages of a global presence, it also raises a number of criticisms. For example:

- Economic burden: Maintaining a huge network of bases requires significant financial costs, which can put pressure on the country's budget.  

- Political tensions: The presence of American bases in some countries causes discontent among the local population or neighboring states, which sometimes leads to protests or diplomatic disputes.  

- Risk of escalation of conflicts: The presence of the United States near potentially hostile states can be perceived as a threat, contributing to tension.

The global presence of the US armed forces, represented by a network of 128 bases in 49 countries, is an essential element of their foreign policy and security strategy. Europe and East Asia remain the two main priorities where the United States focuses its efforts to ensure stability and protect its interests. However, the effectiveness of this strategy depends on many factors, including economic opportunities, political support from allies, and the ability to adapt to changing conditions. Only an integrated approach will allow the United States to maintain its leadership in the world and continue to play a key role in ensuring international security.