Over the past few years, Iran has been subjected to a series of large-scale attacks, sabotage, and assassinations aimed at undermining its nuclear program and military capabilities. These events took place against the background of the change of presidents and the growing confrontation with Israel and Western countries.
Main events:
- April 2021 — A major cyberattack and explosion at the Natanz uranium enrichment plant caused power outages and severe damage to equipment. Iran declared it a terrorist act, which, according to Western intelligence agencies, was backed by Israel.
- May 2022 — the assassination of IRGC Colonel Seyad Hodaya in Tehran, accused of serving in Syria. Iran also executed a spy linked to the Mossad.
- June 2022 — a series of mysterious deaths and sabotage against Iranian scientists and officers across the country.
- August 2022 — an explosion at a drone manufacturing plant in Isfahan, presumably the result of sabotage.
- January 2023 — drone attack on the Defense Ministry factory in Isfahan.
- March 2023 — airstrikes on weapons depots in Aleppo (Syria), missiles and drones destroyed.
- August 2023 — strike on the IRGC base in Deir ez-Zor (Syria).
- April 1, 2024 — An airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus killed 7 IRGC officers, including a general.
- May 2024 — strikes on air defense systems and warehouses of the IRGC in Syria and Iraq. In May 2024, the president was replaced: from Ibrahim Raisi to Mohammad Mohber (acting).
- June 2024 — unsuccessful assassination attempt of an IRGC officer in Lebanon.
- July 2024 — explosion at a defense facility in Isfahan, possibly sabotage.
- June 13, 2025 — large-scale Israeli air operation against Iran's nuclear facilities (Natanz, Khondeb, Khoramabad, etc.), destroyed air defense, headquarters and scientific facilities, killed high-ranking military and scientists. Among the dead are six leading nuclear scientists and IRGC Commander Hossein Salami.
Political context:
- The presidents of Iran during this period were Hassan Rouhani (until August 2021), Ibrahim Raisi (until May 2024) and from May 2024 — Mohammad Mohber (acting), and from 2025 — Masoud Pezeshkiyan, under whom direct Israeli air strikes were carried out on Iranian territory for the first time.
- Israel has consistently attacked key facilities of the Iranian nuclear program and military infrastructure, which provoked retaliatory attacks by Iran, including the launch of more than 100 drones on Israel in June 2025.
Outcomes and consequences:
These events demonstrate the deep and ongoing struggle for control of Iran's nuclear program and influence in the region. A series of sabotage, assassinations, and airstrikes have significantly weakened Iran's military capabilities, but have also exacerbated regional tensions and increased the risk of a large-scale conflict.
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