India's largest fighter purchase in history, the acquisition of 36 Rafale aircraft from the French company Dassault Aviation— has faced serious complications. The deal, concluded in 2016, initially included a requirement from the Indian side to transfer the source codes of the aircraft's on-board software, which is necessary for the independent integration of Indian weapons and the modernization of systems in the future.
However, Dassault Aviation has reportedly categorically refused to provide access to the source codes, citing French national security concerns and commercial confidentiality. This refusal calls into question India's ability to fully adapt the fighters to its tactical needs, as well as limits long-term autonomy in the maintenance and modernization of the Rafale fleet.
The situation is aggravated by the fact that the Indian Air Force is currently experiencing a critical shortage of combat aircraft. The number of squadrons has reached a historic low of about 31 squadrons, compared to 42. This creates a serious gap in combat readiness and the ability to ensure air superiority in potential conflicts.
The Indian military and experts have expressed concern that dependence on a foreign manufacturer for software could become a strategic vulnerability. This is especially true against the background of India's plans to purchase even more fighter jets, including a possible new deal with France.
Without access to the source codes, India risks being left in a position where even simple upgrades or integration of new weapons will require Dassault's approval and participation, which slows down the processes and increases the cost of operation.
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